The infamous Permanent land settlement of Lord Cornwallis in 1793 for Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and later extended to parts of North Madras created a class of zamindars who became "landlords in perpetuity". The land revenue was fixed on permanent basis, and the zamindars were intermediaries between the rulers and the peasantry. The amount fixed broke the back of the peasantry. Besides the Permanent Settlement, the British evolved the Ryotwari System implemented in Madras Presidency in 1820 by Sir Thomas Munro. The Ryotwari system had two features. First, the government and the cultivators would have direct relationship and land revenue will be settled directly between the two without any intermediary. Second, unlike the system of Lord Cornwallis, Munro's system was based on periodical re-assessment of land revenue. Whether the system in more parts of India was Permanent Zamindari settlement, or its minor variant Temporary Zamindari settlements, or the Ryotwari settlements, landlordism became the system under the British. It dispossessed the cultivators, moneylenders entered rural India.