During the First World War, the prices of various commodities me, the conditions of the people worsened and the government extracted many dues from the people in the name of war efforts. To contain this, the government passed the Rowlatt Act in March 1919 which authorised the ' government to arrest any person without warrant and to detain him / her without trial for two years.

The sudden withdrawal of the non-cooperation movement demoralised the Congress leaders and workers and led to a decline in political activities. But the appointment of the Simon Commission on 8 November 1927 again raised the political temperature. This Commission was constituted to explore the possibility for further constitutional progress in India, but there was not even a single Indian in it.