Reading Comprehension
Reading Comprehension: English Reading Comprehension Exercises with Answers, Sample Passages for Reading Comprehension Test for GRE, CAT, IELTS preparation
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Q321. > As increasing dependence on information systems develops, the need for
> such systems to be reliable and secure also becomes more essential. As
> growing numbers of ordinary citizens use computer networks for
> banking, shopping, etc., network security is potentially a massive
> problem. Over the last few years the need for computer and information
> system security has become increasingly evident, as web sites are
> being defaced with greater frequency, more and more denial-of-service
> attacks are being reported, credit card information is being stolen,
> there is increased sophistication of hacking tools that are openly
> available to the public on the Internet, and there is increasing
> damage being caused by viruses and worms to critical information
> system resources. At the organizational level, institutional
> mechanisms have to be designed in order to review policies, practices,
> measures, and procedures to review e-security regularly and assess
> whether these are appropriate to their environment. It would be
> helpful if organizations share information about threats and
> vulnerabilities, and implement procedures for rapid and effective
> cooperation to prevent, detect and respond to security incidents. As
> new threat and vulnerabilities are continuously discovered there is a
> strong need for cooperation among organizations and, if necessary, we
> could also consider cross-border information sharing. We need to
> understand threats and dangers that could be vulnerable to and the
> steps that need to be taken to mitigate these vulnerabilities. We need
> to understand success control systems and methodology,
> telecommunication and network security, and security management
> practice. We should be well versed in the area of application and
> systems development security, cryptography, operations security and
> physical security. The banking sector is poised for more challenges in
> the near future. Customers of banks can now look forward to a large
> array of new offerings by banks. From an era of mere competition,
> banks are now cooperation among themselves so that the synergistic
> benefits are share among all the players. This would result in the
> formation of shared payment networks (a few shared ATM networks have
> already been commissioned by banks), offering payment services beyond
> the existing time zones. The Reserve Bank is also facilitating new
> projects such as the Multi Application Smart Card project which, when
> implemented, would facilitate transfer of funds using electronic means
> and in a safe and secure manner across the length and breadth of the
> country, with reduced dependence on paper currency. The opportunities
> of e-banking or e-power in general need to be harnessed so that
> banking is available to all customers in such a manner that they would
> feel most convenient, and if required, without having to visit a
> branch of a bank. All these will have to be accompanied with a high
> level of comfort, which again boils down to the issue of e-security.
> One of the biggest advantages accruing to banks in the future would be
> the benefits that arise from the introduction of Real Time Gross
> Settlement (RTGS). Funds management by treasuries of banks would be
> helped greatly by RTGS. With almost 70 banks having joined the RTGS
> system, more large value funds transfers are taking place through this
> system. The implementation of Core Banking solutions by banks is
> closely related to RTGS too. Core Banking will make anywhere banking a
> reality for customers of each bank, while RTGS bridges the need for
> inter-bank funds movement. Thus, the days of depositing a cheque for
> collection and a long wait for its realization would soon be a thing
> of the past for those customers who would opt for electronic movement
> of funds, using the RTGS system, where the settlement would be on an
> almost instantaneous basis. Core Banking is already in vogue in many
> private sector and foreign banks; while its implementation is at
> different stages amongst the public sector banks. IT would also
> facilitate better and more scientific decision making within banks.
> Information systems now provide decision makers in banks with a great
> deal of information which, along with historical data and trend
> analysis, help in the building up of efficient Management Information
> Systems, This, in turn, would help in better Asset Liability
> Management (ALM) which, in today’s would of hairline margins, is a key
> requirement for the success of banks in their operational activities.
> Another benefit which e-banking could provide for, relates to Customer
> Relationship Management (CRM). CRM helps in stratification of
> customers and evaluating customer need on a holistic basis which could
> be paving the way for competitive edge for banks and complete customer
> care for customers of banks.
What, according to the passage, is the prerequisite to lessen the threats of hacking?
- Effective measures to combat vulnerability
- Environment-friendly gadgets to remedy damages
- Detection and timely prevention of the threat
- Effective mechanism to evaluate the e-security
- None of these
Solution : Effective mechanism to evaluate the e-security
Q322. > As increasing dependence on information systems develops, the need for
> such systems to be reliable and secure also becomes more essential. As
> growing numbers of ordinary citizens use computer networks for
> banking, shopping, etc., network security is potentially a massive
> problem. Over the last few years the need for computer and information
> system security has become increasingly evident, as web sites are
> being defaced with greater frequency, more and more denial-of-service
> attacks are being reported, credit card information is being stolen,
> there is increased sophistication of hacking tools that are openly
> available to the public on the Internet, and there is increasing
> damage being caused by viruses and worms to critical information
> system resources. At the organizational level, institutional
> mechanisms have to be designed in order to review policies, practices,
> measures, and procedures to review e-security regularly and assess
> whether these are appropriate to their environment. It would be
> helpful if organizations share information about threats and
> vulnerabilities, and implement procedures for rapid and effective
> cooperation to prevent, detect and respond to security incidents. As
> new threat and vulnerabilities are continuously discovered there is a
> strong need for cooperation among organizations and, if necessary, we
> could also consider cross-border information sharing. We need to
> understand threats and dangers that could be vulnerable to and the
> steps that need to be taken to mitigate these vulnerabilities. We need
> to understand success control systems and methodology,
> telecommunication and network security, and security management
> practice. We should be well versed in the area of application and
> systems development security, cryptography, operations security and
> physical security. The banking sector is poised for more challenges in
> the near future. Customers of banks can now look forward to a large
> array of new offerings by banks. From an era of mere competition,
> banks are now cooperation among themselves so that the synergistic
> benefits are share among all the players. This would result in the
> formation of shared payment networks (a few shared ATM networks have
> already been commissioned by banks), offering payment services beyond
> the existing time zones. The Reserve Bank is also facilitating new
> projects such as the Multi Application Smart Card project which, when
> implemented, would facilitate transfer of funds using electronic means
> and in a safe and secure manner across the length and breadth of the
> country, with reduced dependence on paper currency. The opportunities
> of e-banking or e-power in general need to be harnessed so that
> banking is available to all customers in such a manner that they would
> feel most convenient, and if required, without having to visit a
> branch of a bank. All these will have to be accompanied with a high
> level of comfort, which again boils down to the issue of e-security.
> One of the biggest advantages accruing to banks in the future would be
> the benefits that arise from the introduction of Real Time Gross
> Settlement (RTGS). Funds management by treasuries of banks would be
> helped greatly by RTGS. With almost 70 banks having joined the RTGS
> system, more large value funds transfers are taking place through this
> system. The implementation of Core Banking solutions by banks is
> closely related to RTGS too. Core Banking will make anywhere banking a
> reality for customers of each bank, while RTGS bridges the need for
> inter-bank funds movement. Thus, the days of depositing a cheque for
> collection and a long wait for its realization would soon be a thing
> of the past for those customers who would opt for electronic movement
> of funds, using the RTGS system, where the settlement would be on an
> almost instantaneous basis. Core Banking is already in vogue in many
> private sector and foreign banks; while its implementation is at
> different stages amongst the public sector banks. IT would also
> facilitate better and more scientific decision making within banks.
> Information systems now provide decision makers in banks with a great
> deal of information which, along with historical data and trend
> analysis, help in the building up of efficient Management Information
> Systems, This, in turn, would help in better Asset Liability
> Management (ALM) which, in today’s would of hairline margins, is a key
> requirement for the success of banks in their operational activities.
> Another benefit which e-banking could provide for, relates to Customer
> Relationship Management (CRM). CRM helps in stratification of
> customers and evaluating customer need on a holistic basis which could
> be paving the way for competitive edge for banks and complete customer
> care for customers of banks.
In what way does IT catalyse better decision-making?
(A) By providing updated data and trend analysis.
(B) By providing increasing opportunities of personal contacts.
(C) By ensuring better asset-liability management.
- A only
- B only
- C only
- A and B only
- All the three
Solution : A only
Q323. > As increasing dependence on information systems develops, the need for
> such systems to be reliable and secure also becomes more essential. As
> growing numbers of ordinary citizens use computer networks for
> banking, shopping, etc., network security is potentially a massive
> problem. Over the last few years the need for computer and information
> system security has become increasingly evident, as web sites are
> being defaced with greater frequency, more and more denial-of-service
> attacks are being reported, credit card information is being stolen,
> there is increased sophistication of hacking tools that are openly
> available to the public on the Internet, and there is increasing
> damage being caused by viruses and worms to critical information
> system resources. At the organizational level, institutional
> mechanisms have to be designed in order to review policies, practices,
> measures, and procedures to review e-security regularly and assess
> whether these are appropriate to their environment. It would be
> helpful if organizations share information about threats and
> vulnerabilities, and implement procedures for rapid and effective
> cooperation to prevent, detect and respond to security incidents. As
> new threat and vulnerabilities are continuously discovered there is a
> strong need for cooperation among organizations and, if necessary, we
> could also consider cross-border information sharing. We need to
> understand threats and dangers that could be vulnerable to and the
> steps that need to be taken to mitigate these vulnerabilities. We need
> to understand success control systems and methodology,
> telecommunication and network security, and security management
> practice. We should be well versed in the area of application and
> systems development security, cryptography, operations security and
> physical security. The banking sector is poised for more challenges in
> the near future. Customers of banks can now look forward to a large
> array of new offerings by banks. From an era of mere competition,
> banks are now cooperation among themselves so that the synergistic
> benefits are share among all the players. This would result in the
> formation of shared payment networks (a few shared ATM networks have
> already been commissioned by banks), offering payment services beyond
> the existing time zones. The Reserve Bank is also facilitating new
> projects such as the Multi Application Smart Card project which, when
> implemented, would facilitate transfer of funds using electronic means
> and in a safe and secure manner across the length and breadth of the
> country, with reduced dependence on paper currency. The opportunities
> of e-banking or e-power in general need to be harnessed so that
> banking is available to all customers in such a manner that they would
> feel most convenient, and if required, without having to visit a
> branch of a bank. All these will have to be accompanied with a high
> level of comfort, which again boils down to the issue of e-security.
> One of the biggest advantages accruing to banks in the future would be
> the benefits that arise from the introduction of Real Time Gross
> Settlement (RTGS). Funds management by treasuries of banks would be
> helped greatly by RTGS. With almost 70 banks having joined the RTGS
> system, more large value funds transfers are taking place through this
> system. The implementation of Core Banking solutions by banks is
> closely related to RTGS too. Core Banking will make anywhere banking a
> reality for customers of each bank, while RTGS bridges the need for
> inter-bank funds movement. Thus, the days of depositing a cheque for
> collection and a long wait for its realization would soon be a thing
> of the past for those customers who would opt for electronic movement
> of funds, using the RTGS system, where the settlement would be on an
> almost instantaneous basis. Core Banking is already in vogue in many
> private sector and foreign banks; while its implementation is at
> different stages amongst the public sector banks. IT would also
> facilitate better and more scientific decision making within banks.
> Information systems now provide decision makers in banks with a great
> deal of information which, along with historical data and trend
> analysis, help in the building up of efficient Management Information
> Systems, This, in turn, would help in better Asset Liability
> Management (ALM) which, in today’s would of hairline margins, is a key
> requirement for the success of banks in their operational activities.
> Another benefit which e-banking could provide for, relates to Customer
> Relationship Management (CRM). CRM helps in stratification of
> customers and evaluating customer need on a holistic basis which could
> be paving the way for competitive edge for banks and complete customer
> care for customers of banks.
What is the advantage of RTGS to the customers?
- Anywhere banking
- Instant realization of cheque
- Easy withdrawal of cash
- Hassle-free depositing of cash-loads
- Availability of transaction facilities at any other bank
Solution : Availability of transaction facilities at any other bank
Q324. > As increasing dependence on information systems develops, the need for
> such systems to be reliable and secure also becomes more essential. As
> growing numbers of ordinary citizens use computer networks for
> banking, shopping, etc., network security is potentially a massive
> problem. Over the last few years the need for computer and information
> system security has become increasingly evident, as web sites are
> being defaced with greater frequency, more and more denial-of-service
> attacks are being reported, credit card information is being stolen,
> there is increased sophistication of hacking tools that are openly
> available to the public on the Internet, and there is increasing
> damage being caused by viruses and worms to critical information
> system resources. At the organizational level, institutional
> mechanisms have to be designed in order to review policies, practices,
> measures, and procedures to review e-security regularly and assess
> whether these are appropriate to their environment. It would be
> helpful if organizations share information about threats and
> vulnerabilities, and implement procedures for rapid and effective
> cooperation to prevent, detect and respond to security incidents. As
> new threat and vulnerabilities are continuously discovered there is a
> strong need for cooperation among organizations and, if necessary, we
> could also consider cross-border information sharing. We need to
> understand threats and dangers that could be vulnerable to and the
> steps that need to be taken to mitigate these vulnerabilities. We need
> to understand success control systems and methodology,
> telecommunication and network security, and security management
> practice. We should be well versed in the area of application and
> systems development security, cryptography, operations security and
> physical security. The banking sector is poised for more challenges in
> the near future. Customers of banks can now look forward to a large
> array of new offerings by banks. From an era of mere competition,
> banks are now cooperation among themselves so that the synergistic
> benefits are share among all the players. This would result in the
> formation of shared payment networks (a few shared ATM networks have
> already been commissioned by banks), offering payment services beyond
> the existing time zones. The Reserve Bank is also facilitating new
> projects such as the Multi Application Smart Card project which, when
> implemented, would facilitate transfer of funds using electronic means
> and in a safe and secure manner across the length and breadth of the
> country, with reduced dependence on paper currency. The opportunities
> of e-banking or e-power in general need to be harnessed so that
> banking is available to all customers in such a manner that they would
> feel most convenient, and if required, without having to visit a
> branch of a bank. All these will have to be accompanied with a high
> level of comfort, which again boils down to the issue of e-security.
> One of the biggest advantages accruing to banks in the future would be
> the benefits that arise from the introduction of Real Time Gross
> Settlement (RTGS). Funds management by treasuries of banks would be
> helped greatly by RTGS. With almost 70 banks having joined the RTGS
> system, more large value funds transfers are taking place through this
> system. The implementation of Core Banking solutions by banks is
> closely related to RTGS too. Core Banking will make anywhere banking a
> reality for customers of each bank, while RTGS bridges the need for
> inter-bank funds movement. Thus, the days of depositing a cheque for
> collection and a long wait for its realization would soon be a thing
> of the past for those customers who would opt for electronic movement
> of funds, using the RTGS system, where the settlement would be on an
> almost instantaneous basis. Core Banking is already in vogue in many
> private sector and foreign banks; while its implementation is at
> different stages amongst the public sector banks. IT would also
> facilitate better and more scientific decision making within banks.
> Information systems now provide decision makers in banks with a great
> deal of information which, along with historical data and trend
> analysis, help in the building up of efficient Management Information
> Systems, This, in turn, would help in better Asset Liability
> Management (ALM) which, in today’s would of hairline margins, is a key
> requirement for the success of banks in their operational activities.
> Another benefit which e-banking could provide for, relates to Customer
> Relationship Management (CRM). CRM helps in stratification of
> customers and evaluating customer need on a holistic basis which could
> be paving the way for competitive edge for banks and complete customer
> care for customers of banks.
What, according to the author, should be the ultimate goal(s) of e-banking?
(A) Customers’ convenience.
(B) Avoidance of heavy footfall of customers in bank branches.
(C) Protection of customers’ interests.
- A and B only
- B and C only
- A and C only
- All the three
- None of these
Solution : A and C only
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Q325. > As increasing dependence on information systems develops, the need for
> such systems to be reliable and secure also becomes more essential. As
> growing numbers of ordinary citizens use computer networks for
> banking, shopping, etc., network security is potentially a massive
> problem. Over the last few years the need for computer and information
> system security has become increasingly evident, as web sites are
> being defaced with greater frequency, more and more denial-of-service
> attacks are being reported, credit card information is being stolen,
> there is increased sophistication of hacking tools that are openly
> available to the public on the Internet, and there is increasing
> damage being caused by viruses and worms to critical information
> system resources. At the organizational level, institutional
> mechanisms have to be designed in order to review policies, practices,
> measures, and procedures to review e-security regularly and assess
> whether these are appropriate to their environment. It would be
> helpful if organizations share information about threats and
> vulnerabilities, and implement procedures for rapid and effective
> cooperation to prevent, detect and respond to security incidents. As
> new threat and vulnerabilities are continuously discovered there is a
> strong need for cooperation among organizations and, if necessary, we
> could also consider cross-border information sharing. We need to
> understand threats and dangers that could be vulnerable to and the
> steps that need to be taken to mitigate these vulnerabilities. We need
> to understand success control systems and methodology,
> telecommunication and network security, and security management
> practice. We should be well versed in the area of application and
> systems development security, cryptography, operations security and
> physical security. The banking sector is poised for more challenges in
> the near future. Customers of banks can now look forward to a large
> array of new offerings by banks. From an era of mere competition,
> banks are now cooperation among themselves so that the synergistic
> benefits are share among all the players. This would result in the
> formation of shared payment networks (a few shared ATM networks have
> already been commissioned by banks), offering payment services beyond
> the existing time zones. The Reserve Bank is also facilitating new
> projects such as the Multi Application Smart Card project which, when
> implemented, would facilitate transfer of funds using electronic means
> and in a safe and secure manner across the length and breadth of the
> country, with reduced dependence on paper currency. The opportunities
> of e-banking or e-power in general need to be harnessed so that
> banking is available to all customers in such a manner that they would
> feel most convenient, and if required, without having to visit a
> branch of a bank. All these will have to be accompanied with a high
> level of comfort, which again boils down to the issue of e-security.
> One of the biggest advantages accruing to banks in the future would be
> the benefits that arise from the introduction of Real Time Gross
> Settlement (RTGS). Funds management by treasuries of banks would be
> helped greatly by RTGS. With almost 70 banks having joined the RTGS
> system, more large value funds transfers are taking place through this
> system. The implementation of Core Banking solutions by banks is
> closely related to RTGS too. Core Banking will make anywhere banking a
> reality for customers of each bank, while RTGS bridges the need for
> inter-bank funds movement. Thus, the days of depositing a cheque for
> collection and a long wait for its realization would soon be a thing
> of the past for those customers who would opt for electronic movement
> of funds, using the RTGS system, where the settlement would be on an
> almost instantaneous basis. Core Banking is already in vogue in many
> private sector and foreign banks; while its implementation is at
> different stages amongst the public sector banks. IT would also
> facilitate better and more scientific decision making within banks.
> Information systems now provide decision makers in banks with a great
> deal of information which, along with historical data and trend
> analysis, help in the building up of efficient Management Information
> Systems, This, in turn, would help in better Asset Liability
> Management (ALM) which, in today’s would of hairline margins, is a key
> requirement for the success of banks in their operational activities.
> Another benefit which e-banking could provide for, relates to Customer
> Relationship Management (CRM). CRM helps in stratification of
> customers and evaluating customer need on a holistic basis which could
> be paving the way for competitive edge for banks and complete customer
> care for customers of banks.
Why is it obligatory that a system should be perfectly dependable?
- To justify escalating dependence on system
- To ensure security for the system
- To disallow any pilferage whatsoever
- To ascertain proper logistic support
- None of these
Solution : To ensure security for the system
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Solution :
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