It was in this region (present day Afghanistan and Pakistan) that we find the earliest evidence of the origin of wheat and barley cultivation. Beginning of agriculture and domestication of animals in Baluchistan (in Pakistan) are attested by archaeological excavations. The Kachi plains in Baluchistan have several advantages which contributed to the appearance of early farming economy in the region. Located between the barren ranges of inner Baluchistan. It is in this ecological setting that the ancient site of Mehrgarh is located at about 150 Km from Quetta. Excavations at the site have revealed a long cultural history for the region ranging from the pre-pottery. Neolithic to the mature Harappan Period. The cereals cultivated here included two varieties of barley and three varieties of wheat. charred seeds of plum and also of date were found from the very . of the settlement. During the excavations, the earliest, layers of the Neolithic period (Period-I) yielded bones of wild animals like gazelles, swamp deer. antelopes, sheep, goat and cattle.