Application of behavioural science knowledge has also facilitated more sophisticated analysis of public personnel systems. Research has been motivation and morale, group and intergroup behaviour, and interpersonal relationships have produced rich conceptual and theoretical toolkits that are currently being used by Public Administration-analysts. The crucial importance of the human element in administration, which was. largely ignored in the classical model, is currently being emphasised. As in applied science, Public Administration has thus been of direct use in public personnel management.